Just the Facts
3D vs 2D cell culture affects:
- Differentiation
- Drug Metabolism
- Expression (Gene, Protein)
- General Cell Function
- In Vivo Relevance
- Morphology
- Proliferation
- Response to Stimuli
- Viability
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on differentiation:
- Increased initial osteogenesis of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by collagen type I expression
- Decreased later osteogenesis of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells as evidenced by collagen type I expression
- Increased relative expression of osteogenic marker CBFA-1 of human adipose-derived stem cells
- Increased absolute expression of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, Collagen 1, and JNK2 of human adipose-derived stem cells
- Increased osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
- Increased osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells
- Increased differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic precursor cells
- Increased differentiation activities after proliferation equilibrium of human trophoblast ED27 cells
- Increased expression of contractile markers indicative of differentiated phenotype of human smooth muscle cells
- Decreased cellular attachment, enabling phenotypic changes of primary cow chondrocytes
- Increased osteogenic differentiation of cell line H1 human embryonic stem cells
- Enhanced chondrogenesis as assessed by metachromasia and expression of chondrocyte-specific genes AGGRECAN, COL II, and COL X of human marrow stromal cells
- Increased differentiation efficiency based on differentiation rate and leptin secretion of human adipose derived stem cells
- Increased duration of undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells
- Increased differentiation of primary human osteoblasts into osteocytes
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on drug metabolism:
- Increased cytochrome p-450 enzyme CYP1A2 ethoxyresorufin to resorufin conversion activity of C3A human hepatocyte cell line
- Enabled response to CYP1A2 inducer beta-naphthoflavone and inhibitor furafylline of C3A human hepatocyte cell line
- Increased cytochrome p-450 enzyme CYP3A4 testosterone to 6 beta-testosterone conversion activity of C3A human hepatocyte cell line
- Increased cytochrome p-450 enzyme CYP3A4 phase II enzyme glucuronosyltransferases of C3A human hepatocyte cell line
- Decreased the antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin, paclitaxel and tamoxifen on human MCF-7 cells
- Did not affect chemosensitivity of PC-3 cell line cells
- Decreased chemosensitivity of Lovo cell line cells
- Decreased chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cell line cells
- Increased chemosensitivity with anti-E-cadherin antibody treatment of MCF-7 cell line cells
- Increased resistance to drug-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2
- Better preserved multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2) of rat hepatocytes
- Increased drug resistance of rat hepatocytes to methotrexate (MTX)
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on gene expression and protein synthesis:
- Caused differences in gene expression of cow articular cartilage cells
- Altered differential expression of 1,766 genes, including those relevant to cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and neurite outgrowth of human SH-SY5Y retinal cells
- Doubled expression of 77 genes; halved the expression of 22 genes of vascular smooth muscle cells
- Increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) and collagen I of vascular smooth muscle cells
- Increased monoclonal antibody productivity of hybridoma cells
- Did not increase type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin accumulation of TGF-beta 1 treated human endothelial cells
- Increased synthesis and secretion of type V collagen of both TGF-beta 1 treated and untreated human endothelial cells
- Induced expression of morphogenesis-associated distal epithelial gene fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFr2) of C3A human hepatocyte cell line
- Increased expression of E-cadherin, catenin, and p27 of MCF-7 cell line cells
- Decreased vinculin expression of human smooth muscle cells
- Increased expression of contractile markers indicative of differentiated phenotype of human smooth muscle cells
- Enabled synthesis of osteonectin and osteocalcin of mouse bone marrow stem cells
- Increased osteocalcin secretion and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities of cell line H1 human embryonic stem cells
- Maintained P75NTR gene activity of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Upregulated NGF, BDNF, and PLP of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Reduced alpha-SM actin mRNA, protein and promoter activity of rat primary cultured mesangial cells
- Increased post-transfection gene expression level and expression time of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
- Did not affect expression of MGMT and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) detoxifying enzymes of human glioblastoma cells
- Increased expression of metabolic (transketolase, triosephosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase M1/M2, alpha enolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase-1) polypeptides of human neuroblastoma cells
- Increased expression of cell stress response (heat shock proteins (HSP) 90, 70, and 60; antioxidant, thioredoxin) polypeptides of human neuroblastoma cells
- Increased expression of cell structure (septin 2, adenyl cyclase-associated protein-1), tubulin beta-2 chain, actin, translationally controlled tumor protein and cofilin) polypeptides of human neuroblastoma cells
- Increased expression of signal transduction (peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase A), biosynthetic (phosphoserine aminotransferase) polypeptides of human neuroblastoma cells
- Increased expression of transport (cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1) polypeptides of human neuroblastoma cells
- Increased E-cadherin, CD44v6, VEGF, KDR, endostatin, and cytochrome-c levels of human hepatoma cell line HepG2
- Enabled expression of chondrocyte-associated antigen of rat chondrocytes
- Increased mRNA levels of collagen type II and aggrecan of rat chondrocytes
- Did not change collagen type I mRNA of rat chondrocytes
- Decreased versican mRNA level of rat chondrocytes
- Decreased alpha-SMA levels and pFAKY(397)/totalFAK ratios of normal and tumor ovarian fibroblasts
- Upregulated gene expression of collagen Type I and III, and tropoelastin and integrins alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 3 of rat vascular smooth muscle cells
- Decreased alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression of airway smooth muscle cells
- Increased active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 of airway smooth muscle cells
- Upregulated Phase I and Phase II xenobiotic drug metabolism genes, as well as hepatocyte-specific transcripts HNF4alpha, Albumin, TTR and alpha1AT of Huh7 hepatoma cells
- Increased expression of HCV receptors, cell adhesion and tight junction markers (CD81, scavenger receptor class B member 1, claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1, beta-Catenin and E-Cadherin) of Huh7 hepatoma cells
- Increased and quickened upregulated mRNA expression levels of integrin beta 1 and ILK of rat skeletal myoblasts
- Increased production of adipogenic markers leptin, adiponectin, glycerol of human preadipocytes
- Enhanced secretion of leptin and caused differences in laminin expression (mRNA and protein level) of differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
- Did not change mRNA expression of PPARgamma and Glut-4 of differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
- Increased relative expression of osteogenic marker CBFA-1 of human adipose-derived stem cells
- Increased absolute expression of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, Collagen 1, and JNK2 of human adipose-derived stem cells
- Increased collagen synthesis on human MCF-7 cells
- Increased level of BMP-2 expression and osteocalcin content of rat mesenchymal stem cells
- Increased osteocalcin content of rat bone marrow stem cells
- Decreased growth in mRNA expression of type I collagen over time of rabbit bone marrow stem cells
- Did not change absolute expression of type I collagen or chordin of rabbit bone marrow stem cells
- Increased mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin of rabbit bone marrow stem cells
- Increased leptin secretion of mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells
- Increased activated paxillin, FAK, AKT, C-Src, and ERK1/2 antibodies of mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on general cell function:
- Significantly enhanced function of human HepG2 liver cells
- Enhanced performance and functional activity of human HepG2 liver cells
- Induced well developed cell-cell contacts, a distinct endoplasmatic reticulum, and marked Golgi apparatus in human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 cells
- Enabled colocalization of alpha-6 integrin and alpha-V integrin of mesenchymal stem cells
- Did not alter resting membrane potential of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on collagen constructs
- Did not change triglyceride content of differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
- Increased alkaline phosphatase activity of rat mesenchymal stem cells
- Increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of rat bone marrow stem cells
- Created dose dependent effect of MMP inhibitor (GM6001) of mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts
- Decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) of vascular smooth muscle cells
- Decreased metabolic rates of human trophoblast cells
- Altered cell cycle progression of human trophoblast ED27 cells
- Decreased metabolic rate of human arachnoidal cells
- Did not affect Lucifer Yellow permeability or hydraulic conductivity of human arachnoidal cells
- Did not affect plating efficiency of rat anterior tibialis muscle cells
- Altered the synergistic effects of extracellular matrix mechanics and RhoA activity of human smooth muscle cells
- Enabled calcification of mouse bone marrow stem cells
- Enabled in unison contracting structurally organized cell-matrix cardiac constructs of neonatal rat heart ventricular cells
- Altered resting membrane potentials of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on Cytodex 3 microbead array
- Slowed development of VGCC function of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on Cytodex 3 microbead array
- Did not affect methylation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter of human glioblastoma cells
- Increased fraction of cells in G I phase of human hepatoma cell line HepG2
- Caused formation of HER2 homodimers, as opposed to heterodimers of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) over-expressing cancer cells
- Increased polarization of Huh7 hepatoma cells
- Enabled Elucidation of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers of human prostatic epithelial cells
Increase of in vivo relevance of 3D vs. 2D cell culture:
- Increased similarity to known in vivo methotrexate exposure response of human HepG2 liver cells
- Enabled formation of numerous bile canniculi and other in vivo similar morphological characteristics of human HepG2 liver cells
- Regenerated multicellular spheroids which maintained a tissue-like, geometrically well-ordered and highly prismatic organization in human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 cells
- Increased similarity to in vivo histology of cow articular cartilage cells
- Enabled formation of calcium and magnesium dependent tube-like structures mimicking angiogenesis of human endothelial cells
- Increased neuron/astrocyte ratio of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Increased similarity and relevance to demonstrated in vivo response of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Increased bone tissue formation of ectopicly implanted constructs of sheep bone marrow stromal cells
- Maintained original spindle-shape morphology of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Increased similarity to known in vivo stromal counterpart matrix-dependent characteristics of normal and tumor ovarian fibroblasts
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on morphology:
- Enabled formation of numerous bile canniculi and other in vivo similar morphological characteristics of human HepG2 liver cells
- Maintained structural integrity on human HepG2 liver cells
- Induced clear differences in morphology, arrangement and polarization of human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 cells
- Regenerated multicellular spheroids which maintained a tissue-like, geometrically well-ordered and highly prismatic organization in human bladder carcinoma cell line RT112 cells
- Caused formation of aggregates of tumor epithelial (TEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)
- Increased tissue coherence and cell-cell contact of differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
- Altered morphology of human adipose-derived stem cells
- Altered morphology of mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts
- Increased neurite extension length of human SH-SY5Y retinal cells
- Decreased stress fibers and focal adhesions of vascular smooth muscle cells
- Enabled integration with in situ generated extracellular matrix of mouse embryonic stem cells
- Decreased cell size of hybridoma cells
- Increased inter-cell connectivity / junction protein connections of human arachnoidal cells
- Enabled formation of calcium and magnesium dependent tube-like structures mimicking angiogenesis of human endothelial cells
- Decreased focal adhesion assemblies of human smooth muscle cells
- Maintained original spindle-shape morphology of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Increased cellular organization and cell-cell adhesions of human hepatoma cell line HepG2
- Altered morphology of airway smooth muscle cells
- Caused formation of complex, multilayered aggregates of Huh7 hepatoma cells
- Induced cell alignment of human fibroblasts
- Did not induce cell alignment of human endothelial cells
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on proliferation:
- Increased growth rate and attachment of mesenchymal stem cells
- Increased cell growth and metabolic rates of human osteosarcoma cells
- Increased proliferation of tumor epithelial (TEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)
- Did not alter proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on collagen constructs
- Decreased proliferation of rat anterior tibialis muscle cells
- Decreased proliferation of Lovo cell line cells
- Decreased proliferation of MCF-7 cell line cells
- Did not affect proliferation of PC-3 cell line cells
- Increased progenitor cell number of primary human cord blood mononuclear cells
- Supported cell growth under conditions of calcium and nutrients deprivation of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Decreased proliferation of sheep bone marrow stromal cells
- Decreased proliferation rate of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells
- Increased proliferation rates of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Enhanced inhibition of the proliferation of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) over-expressing cancer cells with trastuzumab (Herceptin)
- Decreased basal proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on response to stimuli:
- Decreased responsiveness to intracellular Ca(2+) of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on collagen constructs
- Eliminated anti-proliferative effect of TGF-beta 1 of human endothelial cells
- Eliminated requirement for supporting substrates poly-D-lysine and laminin of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Slowed response to K(+) depolarization of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on Cytodex 3 microbead array
- Did not affect dose response to radiation of human MCF-10A cells
Effect of 3D vs. 2D cell culture on viability:
- Possessed greater viability and were less susceptible to cell death at higher levels of methotrexate on human HepG2 liver cells
- Decreased apoptosis and cell death even under suboptimal conditions (e.g., nutrient depletion) of human osteosarcoma cells
- Increased cell death in response to loading / mechanical insult of primary rat cortical neurons
- Increased attachment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells
- Increased cell spreading and proliferation of mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts
- Caused differences in growth kinetics of cow articular cartilage cells
- Increased long term cell growth of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells
- Increased proliferation of total cells and progenitors without exogenous cytokines of human cord blood cells
- Decreased apoptotic rate of hybridoma cells
- Decreased proliferation activities of human trophoblast cells
- Decreased growth rate of human arachnoidal cells
- Decreased mortality rate of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Supported cell survival under conditions of calcium and nutrients deprivation of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes
- Decreased cell viability and degree of spreading of human smooth muscle cells
- Decreased apoptosis of rat olfactory ensheathing cells
- Decreased apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2
newest articles
Jul 29
2010
2010